The tribe was officially recognized by the Texas Indian Commission under Senate Bill 168, 65th Legislature, Regular Session, in 1977. Tribal members returned to Texas periodically and over the years became seasonal migrant farmers in the U.S. The tribe was granted land in Nacimiento, Coahuila, by the Mexican government in 1852. By 1839, however, most Kickapoos had left Texas for Mexico or Indian Territory as a treaty proposed by Sam Houston was never ratified. According to the Handbook of Texas, the tribe settled in Texas in the early 1800s at the invitation of the Spanish government, which was hoping native tribes would provide a buffer against American settlement in the region.

The Texas Kickapoo's history is intertwined with that of Texas.

Tribal members receive educational, housing, wellness, and other social services from the tribe. and Mexico, a gas station in Múzquiz, Coahuila, Mexico, with PEMEX, and other businesses in Maverick County. Tribal enterprises include the Kickapoo Lucky Eagle Casino Hotel, which provides Class II gaming, the Lucky Eagle Convenience Store, Kickapoo Empire, which is an 8A business, a pecan farm, ranches located in both the U.S. Many tribal members speak English, Spanish, and the Kickapoo language, which is a Fox language and part of the Algonquian language family. The Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas members are related ethnically to the Meskwaki, Sauk, and Shawnee tribes. The current council chairman is Estavio Elizondo Sr., Menikapah. They are governed by the Traditional Council, made up of five members elected by secret ballot. The Texas Kickapoos adopted their constitution in 1989. Tribal members must be at least one-fourth Kickapoo. About 960 tribal members are living on the Eagle Pass reservation and tribal lands in Nacimiento, Mexico, where the tribe often holds ceremonies. The Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Texas is located at 28☃6′37″N 100☂6′19″W / 28.61028°N 100.43861°W / 28.61028 -100.43861 on the Rio Grande on the U.S.-Mexico border in western Maverick County, just south of the city of Eagle Pass, as part of the community of Rosita South. They are one of three federally recognized tribes in Texas. The tribe has been held as a model for other Native American tribes seeking to lift their members out of poverty, because they were living under the international bridge over the Rio Grande as recently as the 1980s. The Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, based in Eagle Pass, is a federally recognized tribe that uses revenue from its gaming and business operations to provide housing, education, and social services to its members.

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